Stobs Camp

A detailed plan of Stobs Prisoners-of-war Camp from 1917 is held in the Wilton House Museum, Hawick. It shows that the camp consisted of some 80 huts and a 150 bed hospital and could accommodate 4,500 men. It was built at a cost of £46,500 and was grouped into four 'camps' lettered from A to D with the hospital at the SW end. The camp also incorporated a light-railway system, YMCA (outside the fence), stores, workshops and a post-office.

The area had been used by the Territorial Army for some years before the First World War and was used by the army until the early 1950s, the camps are still depicted on the latest OS maps (OS 1:10000 map, 1982).

Information from RCAHMS (DE) 25 April 1996

The military camp at Stobs is situated about 600m SW of the now closed Stobs railway station.

The footings of the camp are still extant within in an area occupying about 22.36 hectares and the training area to the SW and S as far as Penchrise Pen (NT 4908 0622).

The First World War Prisoner- of- War Hospital of six huts is at NT 49675 09216 and aerial phtographs taken in 1991 (J Dent, The Scottish Borders Council) show that there had been additional huts added during the Second World War.

The military training area, camp and prisoner-of-war camp is visible on vertical air photographs (106G/Scot/UK 4333201 3208 and 4200-4203, flown 24 June 1945).

The original pre-First World War camp is depicted on 2nd edition OS 6-inch map (Roxburghshire, sheet, 1902, sheet xxxii).

The military training camp opened in 1902 after the Government purchased the land from the Elliots of Stobs Castle. During the First World War an additional hundred huts were built upslope of the main camp to house German prisoners-of-war and German nationals resident in the United Kingdom. Further Nissen huts were before and during the Second World War for prisoners-of-war. Following the cessation of hostilities in 1945 the camp housed some Polish Troops and by 1959 all military connections had been severed (A Wham 2004).

Information from RCAHMS (DE), March 2006

Stobs Army Camp was operational around 1903 and was used through both World Wars until 1956 when it was closed and dismantled. It housed a maximum of about 2,000 men and during the First World War it also housed prisoners of war. The campsite covers a large area and includes rifle ranges and other training areas for which much evidence can still be seen.

The road system with many hut bases, a few huts and some brick and concrete buildings survive on the W side of the B6399 public road, S of Hawick and just N of Stobs Castle. There is a rifle range and WWI trench system near-by.

J Guy 1999; NMRS MS 810/8, 19-20

A project to characterise the quantity and quality of the Scottish resource of known surviving remains of the First World War. Carried out in partnership between Historic Scotland and RCAHMS.

Aerial reconnaissance during 2015 saw a mixed economy of work along both the east coast and the western seaboard. Maritime reconnaissance focused on filling in gaps in coastal coverage in the Lochinver area, around Arran, on Coll and Tiree, and on the Western Isles. Recording of military archaeology targeted Stobs Camp, near Hawick, and around Inverness. The cropmark season was below par but generated a scatter of previously unknown monuments in the south-east and the north-east.

NT 50002 09373 (centred on) Due to its extraordinary level

of preservation Stobs Camp, four miles S of Hawick, is an

internationally important WW1 site. It was an arena for

Scotland’s preparation for war and the subsequent handling

of WW1 civilian internees and military prisoners. Although

Stobs’ military connections continued up until the early

1960s, the focus of the Stobs Camp Project is the period prior

to, and during, WW1. It aims to better understand Stobs

and the role it played, to value, share and commemorate

Stobs and the people connected to it and to protect the

camp for future generations. As part of work to ensure

the physical remains are recorded the project conducted a

series of building assessments using a framework provided

by the Home Front Legacy project, a UK-wide venture that

ran throughout the First World War centenary to encourage

communities to record home front sites. Below is a summary

of these assessments undertaken August–October 2017 and

March, May and July 2018. All are located at Stobs Camp

unless specified.

NT 50332 09432 Drying Hut 1 – Rectangular single-storey

structure for drying horse tack and soldiers’ uniforms.

DISCOVERY AND EXCAVATION IN SCOTLAND 175

SCOT TISH BORDERS

N-facing wall 7.25m, E-facing wall 5.13m, S-facing wall 7.25m

and W-facing wall 6.42m. Single unit in plan. Constructed

from brick with a concrete rough casting outer skin. Features

include one heavy wood frame door. Access is via four

concrete steps. There are two windows, one E-facing and

one W-facing. Roof is intact but breached. A brief internal

inspection revealed metal frames used for hanging items.

Building believed to pre-date WW1.

Archive: Scottish Borders Council and NRHE (intended)

Funder: Heritage Lottery Fund (Scotland), Historic Environment

Scotland, Borders LEADER, Fallago Environment Fund and BCCF

Environmental

Andrew Jepson and Dianne Swift – Archaeology Scotland

(Source: DES, Volume 19)

NT 50002 09373 (centred on) Due to its extraordinary level

of preservation Stobs Camp, four miles S of Hawick, is an

internationally important WW1 site. It was an arena for

Scotland’s preparation for war and the subsequent handling

of WW1 civilian internees and military prisoners. Although

Stobs’ military connections continued up until the early

1960s, the focus of the Stobs Camp Project is the period prior

to, and during, WW1. It aims to better understand Stobs

and the role it played, to value, share and commemorate

Stobs and the people connected to it and to protect the

camp for future generations. As part of work to ensure

the physical remains are recorded the project conducted a

series of building assessments using a framework provided

by the Home Front Legacy project, a UK-wide venture that

ran throughout the First World War centenary to encourage

communities to record home front sites. Below is a summary

of these assessments undertaken August–October 2017 and

March, May and July 2018. All are located at Stobs Camp

unless specified.

NT 47697 28447 Hut at Selkirk – Weatherboard hut

believed to date to WW1 re-erected at Selkirk. NE-facing wall

18.38m, SW-facing wall 18.48m, SE-facing wall 6.27m and

NW-facing wall 6.39m. Features include four hopper-style

and two modern windows NE-facing, three hopper-style

windows SW-facing and two blocked windows SE-facing.

A single door NW-facing. The corrugated roof is pitched. A

wooden plaque states that the building was dismantled at

Stobs Camp in 1960 and erected at Philiphaugh in Selkirk

and then moved to its current location in the late 1980s.

Stencilling on underside of corrugated roofing panel states

‘G.E. Borders, RE Stores, Stobs Camp, Hawick.’

Archive: Scottish Borders Council and NRHE (intended)

Funder: Heritage Lottery Fund (Scotland), Historic Environment

Scotland, Borders LEADER, Fallago Environment Fund and BCCF

Environmental

Andrew Jepson and Dianne Swift – Archaeology Scotland

(Source: DES, Volume 19)

NT 50002 09373 (centred on) Due to its extraordinary level

of preservation Stobs Camp, four miles S of Hawick, is an

internationally important WW1 site. It was an arena for

Scotland’s preparation for war and the subsequent handling

of WW1 civilian internees and military prisoners. Although

Stobs’ military connections continued up until the early

1960s, the focus of the Stobs Camp Project is the period prior

to, and during, WW1. It aims to better understand Stobs

and the role it played, to value, share and commemorate

Stobs and the people connected to it and to protect the

camp for future generations. As part of work to ensure

the physical remains are recorded the project conducted a

series of building assessments using a framework provided

by the Home Front Legacy project, a UK-wide venture that

ran throughout the First World War centenary to encourage

communities to record home front sites. Below is a summary

of these assessments undertaken August–October 2017 and

March, May and July 2018. All are located at Stobs Camp

unless specified.

NT 50845 15323 Huts at Mansfield Road Nursery,

Hawick – Three rectangular corrugated huts. Buildings

1 and 2 are on an E/W alignment and are connected by

a timber-lined roofed passageway. Building 3 is on a N/S

alignment. Buildings 2 and 3 are joined. Building 1 is 25.2m

S-facing by 6m W-facing. Building 2 is 9.5m S-facing.

Building 3 is 9m E-facing by 3.6m S-facing. Features of

building 1 include six windows S-facing, one W-facing

and eight N-facing. There is one single door N-facing and

one W-facing. Building 3 has three windows E-facing.

Interiors have been significantly modernised. Building 1’s

corrugated roof is pitched, building 2’s roof is semi-circular

and building 3’s roof is flat.

Archive: Scottish Borders Council and NRHE (intended)

Funder: Heritage Lottery Fund (Scotland), Historic Environment

Scotland, Borders LEADER, Fallago Environment Fund and BCCF

Environmental

Andrew Jepson and Dianne Swift – Archaeology Scotland

(Source: DES, Volume 19)

NT 50002 09373 (centred on) Due to its extraordinary level

of preservation Stobs Camp, four miles S of Hawick, is an

internationally important WW1 site. It was an arena for

Scotland’s preparation for war and the subsequent handling

of WW1 civilian internees and military prisoners. Although

Stobs’ military connections continued up until the early

1960s, the focus of the Stobs Camp Project is the period prior

to, and during, WW1. It aims to better understand Stobs

and the role it played, to value, share and commemorate

Stobs and the people connected to it and to protect the

camp for future generations. As part of work to ensure

the physical remains are recorded the project conducted a

series of building assessments using a framework provided

by the Home Front Legacy project, a UK-wide venture that

ran throughout the First World War centenary to encourage

communities to record home front sites. Below is a summary

of these assessments undertaken August–October 2017 and

March, May and July 2018. All are located at Stobs Camp

unless specified.

NT 43150 14315 Hut at Kirk O’er, Roberton –

Weatherboard hut believed to date to WW1 re-erected

at Roberton. Structure is now L-shaped to fit its new

location. Significant alterations were made in the process

including the addition of extra doors. N-facing wall 11.96m,

S-facing wall 17.75m and W-facing wall 5.77m. Building

is structurally intact but unrecognisable as a WW1 hut.

Features include five hopper-style windows S-facing, one

W-facing and two N-facing. There are two single squarehead

doors S-facing and four N-facing. The N-facing doors

appear to have been added following erection at Kirk O’er.

Corrugated iron roof.

Archive: Scottish Borders Council and NRHE (intended)

Funder: Heritage Lottery Fund (Scotland), Historic Environment

Scotland, Borders LEADER, Fallago Environment Fund and BCCF

Environmental

Andrew Jepson and Dianne Swift – Archaeology Scotland

(Source: DES, Volume 19)

NT 50002 09373 (centred on) Due to its extraordinary level

of preservation Stobs Camp, four miles S of Hawick, is an

internationally important WW1 site. It was an arena for

Scotland’s preparation for war and the subsequent handling

of WW1 civilian internees and military prisoners. Although

Stobs’ military connections continued up until the early

1960s, the focus of the Stobs Camp Project is the period prior

to, and during, WW1. It aims to better understand Stobs

and the role it played, to value, share and commemorate

Stobs and the people connected to it and to protect the

camp for future generations. As part of work to ensure

the physical remains are recorded the project conducted a

series of building assessments using a framework provided

by the Home Front Legacy project, a UK-wide venture that

ran throughout the First World War centenary to encourage

communities to record home front sites. Below is a summary

of these assessments undertaken August–October 2017 and

March, May and July 2018. All are located at Stobs Camp

unless specified.

NT 33247 20575 Nissen Hut, Wester Deloraine – The

remains of a corrugated Nissen hut re-erected at Wester

Deloraine. Rectangular in plan with longitudinal sides facing E

and W. Access door at S with blocked door at N end. W-facing

wall 13.1m and S-facing wall 7.45m. Features include four

dormer-style windows, two W-facing, one E-facing with the

remains of a second dormer on the E side. Two windows

contain wired glass on the N-facing side and two S-facing.

A brief internal inspection revealed later partitioning to keep

livestock. Corrugated roof. Roof supported by half-circles

forming seven internal sections. Each section measures

1.85m in width.

Archive: Scottish Borders Council and NRHE (intended)

Funder: Heritage Lottery Fund (Scotland), Historic Environment

Scotland, Borders LEADER, Fallago Environment Fund and BCCF

Environmental

Andrew Jepson and Dianne Swift – Archaeology Scotland

(Source: DES, Volume 19)

In The Beginning

In 1903 the British Army bought the Stobs Estate near Hawick in the Borders. Its plan was to turn the 3615 acres, which included a Castle, into one of the largest military training grounds in the UK. It was also intended that it should operate as the permanent base of the Sixth Army Corps, but by 1904 this plan had been abandoned.

Over the next few years the estate was used extensively by territorial soldiers as a summer camp, with 20,000 men trained during this period. The camp site and training ground occupied a large area and although there were lots of facilities the soldiers lived under canvas. What was once moorland and farmland became firing ranges and practice trenches. New buildings for equipment and stores were constructed and serviced by a network of roads and even a tramway. Some barrack huts were built, perhaps as part of the original plan, but not on the scale that had been first envisaged. However, due to its lack of permanent accommodation, its climate and it location, the camp was not popular with many in the military.

Territorial soldiers were in occupation when news came in the summer of 1914 that war had been declared with Germany. Thereafter, the camp was to become quite a different place in the years that followed. At the start of the war, the British rounded up all the German citizens then living in the UK and interned them. Stobs Camp was adapted and opened in this new role on the 2nd November 1914. Civilians had to be treated well and given suitable accommodation. They were billeted in the few barrack huts that had already been built, although there was now a wire fence surrounding the perimeter with a guard patrolling outside. However, the first facility soon became too small and the decision was taken to build a replacement that would be larger and better equipped.

A home from home?

Construction of the new camp started in late 1914 and was completed by early 1915 at a cost of £51,500. The design now allowed for German military prisoners to be held at the camp also. Initially, there were few German soldiers or sailors, but as the war dragged on, the number increased. The camp was divided in to 4 smaller blocks, A-D, each containing 20 barrack buildings, cookhouses, dining rooms and stores. These were encircled by high barbed wire fences overlooked by watch towers. The camp also had recreation grounds, two American funded YMCA huts and a large hospital of six wards. It had its own bakery, which supplied not only the Germans but also the Guard and the various troops from Britain and the Empire undertaking their training at the camp.

By 1916 the last of the internees had been either freed or sent to internment camps on the Isle of Man. Stobs was now devoted exclusively to Prisoners of War and in this capacity it acted as the main administrative centre in the north. From here, German soldiers or sailors were sent to work-camps across Scotland, where they helped with the construction of the hydro-electric scheme at Kinlochleven, dam building at Linlithgow, road building at Loch Doon and forestry operations more widely - among many other useful tasks. Reports by American diplomats who inspected the camps for the German government reported that the institution was well run and the prisoners were satisfied with the British administration. When the war officially ended in 1919, the Germans prisoners were all sent home, although 45 individuals who had died during their internment were left at peace in the camp cemetery. Most of the PoW buildings were sold, but some barracks were retained and one survives to this day amongst a collection of contemporary structures. Many of those that were sold can still be seen dotted about farms throughout the Scottish Borders.

Nevertheless, Stobs remained in use as an active training camp. It played a valuable role in the instruction of the D-Day troops and those that later participated in the Korean War; and it continued to perform this role until 1955 – the year that the Duke of Edinburgh paid a visit to a battalion of the Queen’s Own Highlanders. The land was finally sold off in 1962.

Today, much of the camp and the training ground survives, although local people have on occasion put it to new uses – for instance, the roads were once utilised for motor racing. However, an understanding of the camp’s importance during the First World War has now sparked a new Centennial project in which all aspects of the site are to be properly recorded. This began in 2017 and will also attempt to measure the influence it had on the neighbouring town of Hawick, as well as further afield.

A visitor today can readily appreciate both the size and layout of the PoW buildings within the camp; but he or she can also reflect here upon a conflict that took so many lives, while acknowledging that some of the prisoners who were interned possibly found a degree of welcome respite from a dreadful war and its many lamentable tribulations.

Allan Kilpatrick, Data Management Officer, Historic Environment Scotland

NT40NE 56.00 centred 4992 0943

See also NT40NE 57 for further practice trenches

NT40NE 56.01 centred NT 4890 0650 Trenches

NT40NE 56.02 from NT 48687 07286 to NT 48586 07743 Rifle Range

NT40NE 56.03 from NT 49286 06981 to NT 49664 07389 Rifle Range

NT40NE 56.04 from NT 4841 0736 to NT 4869 0731 to c.NT 4895 0756 Tramway

NT40NE 56.05 from NT 4885 0734 to NT 4908 0798 Rifle Range

NT40NE 56.06 from NT 4984 0953 to NT 5046 1079 (NT51NW) Tramway

First World War training camp, visible on J Dent aerial photographs, taken in 1991.

NT 5011 0949 – NT 4969 0948 – NT 4937 0956 A watching

brief was carried out 17–31 August 2009 during groundbreaking

works associated the excavation of 14 foundation

pits for new electricity poles. The route passed through

a former military camp but no archaeological features or

finds were encountered.

Archive: RCAHMS

Funder: Scottish Power

Visibility: This is an upstanding earthwork or monument.

Information from Scottish Borders Council