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Crawford
Cropmark(S) (Roman), Fort Annexe (Roman), Temporary Camp (Roman)
Site Name Crawford
Classification Cropmark(S) (Roman), Fort Annexe (Roman), Temporary Camp (Roman)
Alternative Name(s) Crawford C; Camp Water
Canmore ID 47393
Site Number NS92SE 17
NGR NS 9545 2170
NGR Description Centred NS 9545 2170
Datum OSGB36 - NGR
Permalink http://canmore.org.uk/site/47393
- Council South Lanarkshire
- Parish Crawford
- Former Region Strathclyde
- Former District Clydesdale
- Former County Lanarkshire
NS92SE 17 centred 9545 2170.
NS 9545 2170. Air photography by the RCAHMS in 1977 has revealed the cropmarks of the rounded N angle and short lengths of the adjacent sides of a Roman temporary camp, beside the Roman road (RR 7g), about 240m NNE of the fort (NS92SE 2).
RCAHMS 1978
Perambulation of the indicated area failed or reveal any surface evidence of this camp. The location is a wide level area, under pasture, on the right bank of the Camp Water.
Visited by OS (TRG) 14 August 1978.
Publication Account (17 December 2011)
Some four camps, all known from cropmarkings, lie within 1km of the Flavian and Antonine forts at Crawford, two partially overlapping one another in the village 1km to the south, and a third with a reduced phase (Crawford IV) less than 100m to the north of the fort.
Camps I and II lie on a terrace on the west bank of the River Clyde and were discovered in 1960 by St Joseph from the air (1961: 122). Some 200m of the south-east side of camp I has been recorded, together with the southern corner angle and 150m of the south-west side. A further linear cropmark lying in a field to the north of the known sectors may be part of the north-east side of this camp; this would give overall dimensions of 270m by at least 270m, enclosing at least 7.3ha (18 acres).
Just north of camp I, two stretches of a second camp have been recorded. This comprises about 260m of the SSE side together with the corner angle and 200m of the WSW side. A gate with a titulus is visible on the WSW side. If the titulus is in the centre of this side, then it would measure some 320m and the overall area enclosed could be at least 8.3ha (20.5 acres), although there is space here for a camp of some 15ha (37 acres).
About 1km to the NNW of the camps, across the River Clyde and immediately north of the Roman fort on level ground lies a further camp with two phases of use. Recorded in 1977 and 1984 by Maxwell from the air (RCAHMS 1978a: 159; Maxwell and Wilson 1987: 40), camp III measures 200m from NNW to SSE by 143m transversely and encloses 2.85ha (7 acres). Gates with tituli are visible on the NNW and SSE sides. A further small camp (IV) is tucked into the north-east corner of this camp, sharing part of its NNW and ENE sides. This camp measures 84m from ENE to WSW by 73m and encloses 0.6ha (1.5 acres). The NNW entrance gap for camp III does not appear to have been closed, but this may be owing to the lack of clarity in the parchmark close to a field boundary. A linear cropmark on the east side of the camp may represent part of an irregular annexe (Maxwell and Wilson 1987: 40), although this seems unlikely.
R H Jones
