Gairsay, Langskaill House

Gairsay is a very attractive small island with a sheltered anchorage in Millburn Bay, and it is not surprising that it was part of a prestigious Norse family estate in the 12th century, conveniently situated as it is astride one of the approaches to the bays of Firth and Kirkwall. Orkneyinga Saga tells of the exploits of the Viking Svein Asleifarson who farmed on Gairsay, raided in the Hebrides and Ireland and owned another estate at Duncansby in Caithness, and tradition would locate the remains of his great hall beneath the present Langskaill House.

The east range of the present house may belong to the house recorded here in the 16th century, which was extended in the 1670s after the marriage of Sir William Craigie of Gairsay and Margaret Honyman, daughter of the Bishop of Orkney. Their initials are carved on a lintel over the entrance to the east range of the house. The original design consisted of three such ranges round a courtyard, with a screen-wall across the fourth side, but the north range has been demolished, the west range is derelict and only the east range, restored in about 1900, remains habitable. This is now a single-storey building with an attic, but the south end at least must at one time have been a storey higher, matching the west range, so as to allow access to the parapet along the screen-wall. Although the building was much altered in the early 20th century, two very fine fireplaces survive on the attic floor, with moulded and carved stone jambs and lintels. The south front gives a marvellous impression of the fortified and yet elegant family house. The screen-wall with its central gateway is flanked to either side by the gable-ends of the east and west ranges, and a moulded stone base-course runs the entire length of the front. The gateway was originally the only means of access ro the house, and it is guarded on either side and above the gunloops as well as by the parapet. The door itself does not survive, but the slots for the bar that could be drawn across behind the door still exist within the wall on either side. The archway is finely carved with a vine scroll , and on the parapet above there is an elaborate armorial panel crowned with a triangular carved pediment. This was originally even more elaborate, and the rest of the parapet bore a stone balustrade - the whole design must have been very impressive . A similar 17th-century gateway survives in the grounds of Balfour Castle on Shapinsay (no. 15).

Information from ‘Exploring Scotland’s Heritage: Orkney’, (1996).

This dwelling stands near the sea on the W shore of the

island, at a point most suitable for crossing to the mainland.

Buildings once enclosed three sides of an oblong courtyard, which

was completed on S by a screen-wall. The central portion and most

of the one on the W have disappeared, but the E portion is

habitable and has recently been restored by the proprietor, while

the screen-wall is almost entire. Enough is left to show that,

when complete, Laingskaill was one of the best of the smaller

house in Orkney.

Gives detailed description of architecture, listed under

Secular Buildings. [R1]

Information from Orkney SMR [n.d.]